Indigo Airlines

While the other airlines in the industry purchased rivals, flew different models of planes and tried to offer costly services, Indigo stuck to single model planes with a reputation of being a no frills airline. Indigo has stuck to operating the world’s largest selling single-aisle aircraft, the Airbus A320. This has helped the airlines to not just survive the economic slump in the industry but infact to post profits year-on-year end. Capacity utilization of IndiGo airlines fleet The utilization rate of IndiGo is around 16hours a day which is infact one of the highest in the industry. Thus even without using too many airplanes, the airlines can provide its ferrying service to a larger number of people. On an average its passenger loads have been around 90%. High seating Capacity of aircrafts Indigo operates a fleet of 62 aircraft and has been expanding its fleet rapidly. Even though the number of aircrafts are lesser than some other airlines, it offers higher seating capacity as most of its aircrafts are 180 seaters rather than the standard 60 – 70 seater aircrafts of most airlines. Indigo’s fleet is approximately 6. 5% of India’s combined fleet but it serves a market share 27%. Young fleet of aircrafts One of the strengths of Indigo Airlines is its fuel efficient young fleet of aircrafts as compared to other airlines. A young fleet of aircrafts has ensured increased service levels, high operational efficiency and low maintenance costs. Indigo recently bought 100 new A-320 jets from Airbus. Such volume purchases have helped Indigo in cutting its cost by availing volume discounts. Superior technology The consistent use of superior technology has helped Indigo achieve its USP of on-time performance. By making use of technologies such as ACARS Aircraft Communications Addressing And Reporting System), an automatic message is triggered from the aircraft to control centre and the departure time recorded immediately. Similarly during landing, this technology sends of an automatic message to the control centre which immediately records its arrival time. This has helped the airlines monitor and maintain strict on-time schedules. Excellence in operations Indigo has be en able to sign favorable contracts with engine, airframe and other critical component manufacturers securing warranty claims against defects. This has enabled indigo to minimize technical snags and enjoy superior operational efficiency. Owing to this Indigo has also been able to bring down its maintenance costs. Superior customer service One of the greatest strengths of Indigo airlines is the superior service it offers to its customers. The airline has the highest 95. 3 per cent on-time performance record and the lowest number of complaints per passenger. It offers unique services such as step-less stairs (walking ramp), web check-in, booking capability on handheld devices and automated real-time flight status on handheld devices. Human resources Another strength that Indigo airlines enjoys is its excellent management of human resources. It has a single central training program which gives training to its employees on functional skills, soft skills as well as leadership qualities. With a very robust system of internal promotions and flexibility in horizontal movement across the company, the airlines has seen zero or almost negligible attrition rate over the past server years. Tie-up with hotels Major hotels like Sarovar hotels etc have tied up with Indigo Airlines in order to provide a packaged service to customers. This type of bundling of services has created a value addition to customers who wish to sync their travel times and accommodation timings in order to receive the best deals at reasonable costs. This has in-turn increased the customer base for both the airline as well as the hotels. Superior brand image Good advertising and marketing strategies have increased Indigo’s brand recall and have helped in creating a superior brand image. With very high operational excellence, cost control, great experience, lowest cancellations Indigo enjoys a superior reputation amongst its customers, difficult for the competitors to replicate. Its unique advertising and marketing efforts have also helped in this regard. Weaknesses Easily Imitable Since Indigo has not concentrated too much on providing a differentiated experience with no-frills and on-time being their central theme, this is imitable by other players in the industry and thus a possible threat to its position as a cost leader. Limited number of International Routes Indigo Airlines operates on a limited number of international routes. This restricts the options and choices for international travelers. Only about 14% of its total fleet flies international. This is very low compared to its rivals and the general industry standard for airlines. International routes is an untapped segment where Indigo has not ventured too much into yet. Restricted Services In an attempt to operate as a low-cost airline, Indigo does not operate in many routes where the profit margins are below their set standard. This in turn in-conveniences many passengers. Also, the no-frills element of their services leads to other passenger inconveniences such as cramped seats, lower comfort during travel, non-refundable flights and higher charges of excess baggage.

The Importance Of Personal Development Education Essay

With out a program cipher can make their finish. As Bob ( 2010 ) , described that â€Å" Personal development refers to activities that improve self-knowledge and individuality, develop endowments and possible, build human capital and employability, enhance quality of life and contribute to the realisation of dreams and aspirations. The construct is non limited to self-development but includes formal and informal activities for developing others, in functions such as instructor, usher, counselor, director, manager, or wise man. Finally, as personal development takes topographic point in the context of establishments, it refers to the methods, plans, tools, techniques, and assessment systems that support human development at the single degree in organisations † Personal development planning is a supported procedure which helps to concentrate on single public presentation and helps to accomplish and develop their bearer. The chief aim of personal development program is to better the capacity of single. Harmonizing to careereducationweb.com personal development is repeatedly seting a individual in a place where we need to be alteration or developed or motivated to make our finish. It takes control of a individual to turn and coercing to go dead. Personal development and growing are critical to success. Most of the people fail to accomplish their end because of deficiency attempt, clip invariables or an incapableness of concentrating on the ends. Harmonizing to heacademy.ac.uk web site PDP is defined as â€Å" a structured and supported procedure undertaken by an single to reflect upon their ain acquisition, public presentation and/or accomplishment and to be after for their personal, educational and calling development. PDP embraces a scope of attack to larning that articulation planning ( an person ‘s ends and purposes for larning or accomplishment ) , making ( alining actions to purpose ) , transcript ( judgement, facts, experience, in order to acknowledge and grounds the process and consequences of larning ) and look reviewing and measure experiences and the consequences of larning. † Personal development program is a procedure which gives a character a clear position of life. And every witting professional should hold a personal development program to accomplish their nonsubjective and make their finish.Importance of Personal Development:Every organic structure got its ain endowment indoors. Every person has its ain thought and endowment. But most of us can non research it because of lacking of personal development. Without growing life is like dull being. Due to lie state of affairss many people can non develop personally. Growth is indispensable portion of life of a individual. Personal development helps to larn which we are capable to larn. Personal development is really of import. It helps to happen out chance to make a better life mentally, physically and spiritually. Personal development is really of import. It helps to happen out chance to make a better life mentally, physically and spiritually. There are few grounds why personal development is of import. First ground is personal development helps you to concentrate on of import things of your life. There are many things in u your life which can deviate you from of import things. For an illustration it could be short – term pleasance. Short term pleasance may do us experience good for short clip but it will be do the long term suffer for hereafter. Merely personal development can direct you on the right way. Second ground is personal development develops our capacity. Personal development non merely concentrate on of import things of our life but besides helps to manage a critical state of affairs. We are capable to confront some specific challenge but personal development increase our bound to manage more hard challenge. Third ground is personal development helps us to link with positive people. When we will affect us in personal development so we will establish many positive people around us. Having this positive people around us, we will be more motivated to travel frontward. Personal development means difficult work. it takes consistency, forbearance and clip. Harmonizing to scotthyoung.com web site if we want our personal development we need to concentrate on deriving bravery which thing we fare of, decilpline, more learning, hope and power. Personal development is an investing for our life. Personal development helps to better our cognition. Personal development is an attitude which helps to better our life. If you want development in our personal life we need to concentrate on Understand yourself Better your consciousness, Work on your attitude, Believe in yourself, potencies Develop your accomplishments, Set your ends, Begin with the terminal in head. It is really of import to under stand my self fist because we need to cognize where is our failing and heterosexual and believe on yourself and be confident. And so put our ends it is really of import to put our end it is impossible with out a end to accomplish something. And last one is set up head. It means we must hold to be confident and promise that I will make it by any opportunity. Allen and Adair ( 1999 ) province that â€Å" There is no ‘end ‘ to the self-development procedure. † The besides show that why this is of import for professional life and where to concentrate on. Personal development helps to better our public presentation, develop appropriate accomplishments and competencies and gain full potency. Every organic structure want a place to work but most of them do n't hold proper set of ends. Merely for this ground most of us can non make our coveted finish. Merely personal development plan can assist us to cognize where to travel how to better our ego and assist us to make our finish. From the above discursion it is clear that personal development is really of import for our life. It gives witting attempt to turn up. Every organic structure grew up with their ain single endowment and accomplishments. Personal development helps us to happen out these accomplishments. Like that I have some accomplishments in my professional life. Team worker: I believe that I am really good squad participant because when I work I like to affect every one into work, expression after single demands and seeks to derive committedness by engagement. I am really good hearer and willing to impart my manus if needed. For my difficult work and as a good squad participant I became associate of the month from my working topographic point. Co- ordinator: I am confident at my work topographic point. I am able to work at busy clip and able to take the challenge. I am ever committed to my organisational end and aim. For those activities I became crew trainer at my working topographic point. A Good Presenter: Presentation accomplishments is really of import for professional life. I conducted a professional accomplishment class and learned how to make it decently. On the first twenty-four hours of my presentation test I run off from speech desk but after that I took that challenge and I got 2nd tallness Markss on my concluding test. I discussed about my three accomplishments which I poses. But I believe that I need more pattern on it. And I need to travel further for more accomplishments which will assist me in hereafter for my professional life.1.2 Importance of Professional Skills:Harmonizing to answer.com web site accomplishments defined as â€Å" Proficiency, sleight that is acquired or developed through preparation or experience. † Professional accomplishment is really of import for personal bearer. We must concentrate on it. Professional accomplishments is a sort of accomplishment that we learned from a company and applied on professional life. The accomplishment and importance are described below: Communication Skills: Communication accomplishments are really of import for professional life. It is really of import to hold a good communicating accomplishment. With out a proper communicating it is impossible to pass on with other and achieve the aim. Performance Management: Performance direction should be see really strongly. It is about to happen out recognized staff and honor them, behavior coaching Sessionss with staff etc. Customer Service: As a director it is really of import to concentrate on client service. It is all about to betterment of client service. Organizational accomplishment: To accomplish an organisational end we must hold to hold organisational accomplishment. Which includes effectual at deputing work, clip direction system etc. Professional development: Professional development is really of import for professional life. It is of import to cognize section functions programs and ordinance of working topographic point. Legal Issue: Legal issue base on understanding the all employment Torahs. Effective legal employment interview etc. Leadership: Make determinations easy and efficaciously monitoring assignments without micromanaging. Team work: Positive ambiance which helps to team work together. Creat chance for other. Problem resolution: With out job work outing attitude it is impossible to run a company. It most of import for professional accomplishment. From the above discursion, it is clear that it is really of import all professional individual. To do a successful bearer those accomplishments are really of import. From the Belbin squad roles – â€Å" Self Perception Inventory † utilizing this tools we can acquire into deepness of importance of professional accomplishments. Plant, resource research worker, coordinates, proctor judge, squad worker, implementer, complete finisher those are the cardinal factor of professional accomplishments. I completed Belbin Team Roles appraisal and found my ego as a squad worker. Which indicate that like to affect with everyone, I like to expressions after single and perceptive and diplomatic. And happen my failing as I could be influenced and indecisive in crunch state of affairss. I attach the tabular array below.Belbin Team Roles Inventory:Key Team Role Team contribution/personal manner Allowable failing PL 26 Plant Generates thoughts. Creative, inventive, irregular, solves hard jobs Ignores inside informations, excessively preoccupied to pass on efficaciously Rhode island 27 Resource research worker Maintains consciousness of resources available outside the squad. Extrovert, enthusiastic, communicative, explores chances, develops contacts Overoptimistic, loses involvement one time the initial enthusiasm has passed Carbon monoxide 48 Co-ordinator Ensures internal resources are applied to the squad aim. Mature, confident, a good president, clarifies ends, promotes determination devising, delegates good. Can be seen as manipulative, delegates personal work. SH 43 Maker Shapes the manner the squad operates. Challenging, dynamic, thrives on force per unit area, has the thrust and bravery to get the better of obstructions Can arouse others, hurts peoples feelings Maine 38 Monitor judge Buttockss squad advancement against the aims and mileposts. Sober, strategic and discerning, sees all options, Judgess accurately. Lacks drive and ability to animate others, excessively critical TW 51 Team worker Involves everyone, looks after single demands, and seeks to derive committedness by engagement. Co-operative, mild, perceptive and diplomatic, listens, physiques, averts clash, calms the Waterss Indecisive in crunch state of affairss, can be easy influenced IM 48 Implementer Turns thoughts into practical actions. Disciplined, dependable, conservative and efficient. Slightly inflexible, slow to react to new possibilities Californium 24 Completer closer Ensures the occupation is decently finished. Painstaking, painstaking, dying, searches out mistakes and skips, delivers on clip Inclined to worry unduly, loath to depute, can be a nit-picker. ( Beginning: Conducted by Class Tutor ) My failing are complete finisher. I need to guarantee that the occupation is decently finished or non. I need to develop on clip as good. To acquire more clear position of professional accomplishments, presently which I use Memletic Learning manner stock list. Which is given below: The tonss are out of 20 for each manner. A mark of 20 indicates you use that manner frequently. Style Tonss Ocular 4 Social 13 Physical 10 Aural 13 Verbal 11 Lone 12 Logical 13 Memletic Learning Styles Graph: ( Beginning: www.learning-styles-online.com ) Everybody has its ain strength and failing. Memletic manner helps me to happen out which my heterosexual and failing. From this graphs it is clear that my chief failing is ocular, verbal and lone. And my chief strengths are logical, verbal and societal. To became a successful professional I must necessitate to better my failing because those are my chief obstruction. From graphs it is clear that my chief failing is on ocular. Think it is really of import for a professional individual. This graphs helps me to cognize where I need betterment. And it helps me to better my personal accomplishments2.1 Importance of Skills Audit:A accomplishment audit is an indispensable procedure which helps to mensurate and enter the accomplishments of single or group. The intent of carry oning accomplishments audit are to place the accomplishments presently we have and the accomplishments we need to better. Skills audit helps to reconstitute and develop personal life. Importance of Skills audit: with out accomplishments audit it is impossible to cognize where to better. Using this skills audit information we can better and develop our hereafter program. The chief benefits of accomplishments audits are ; a ) Improve cognition and accomplishments ) Valuable and valid work topographic point plan. , degree Celsius ) Increase productiveness. The accomplishments audit based on three things, those are a ) Behavioural accomplishments, B ) Technical cognition, B ) Other cognition. I have conducted self appraisal accomplishments audit which I given below.Skills Audited account:Knowledge and accomplishments which I consider to be of import for my current Job Your Ability Rating ( 1-5 ) or strong / weak / someplace in between I am a good squad participant. Always try to assist other Friendly which helps to our occupation done decently. I am witting about client demands. I ne'er ignore client complain. Strong Knowledge and accomplishments which I consider to be of import for my hereafter calling Your Ability Rating ( 1-5 ) or strong / weak / someplace in between Involve my ego in different topographic points at my work Necessitate more experience in peculiar place. Need to better communicating accomplishment. Legal issue. Missing of organisational leading accomplishments Poor ( Beginning: Conducted by Class Tutor )Rating Ability:= Some consciousness but non sufficiently competent to utilize it, = Familiar with and able to utilize the cognition or accomplishment ( some competence ) , = Proficient in the cognition or accomplishment and able to demo others how to utilize it = Expert with a high grade of accomplishment and/or comprehensive cognition From the accomplishments audit tolls I found myself need to work hard on communications accomplishments, because it is really of import and need to cognize more about organisational leading accomplishments. And my chief strengths are helpful and difficult worker and client service. 2.2 SWOT Analysis and Precedences: SWOT analysis is tool through which we can place our Strength, Weakness, Opportunity and Threat. For the Personal scheme, SWOT analysis has a bold impact. It helps us for future program and my current state of affairs, where I have improve for my bright bearer. Harmonizing to quintcareers.com web site Randall and Katharine described that SWOT analysis helps to capitalise our strength and over come the hereafter. The demonstrate that SWOT analysis dived into parts -a ) Internal personal development, B ) External personal development.Personal SWOT AnalysisInternal Strength Failing Education Movable Skills Personal characteristicsA Good contactsLack of Work ExperienceWeak proficient cognitionExternal Opportunity MenaceEnhancing instructionPositive tendenciesOpportunities for professional developmentStrong webLack of the advanced education/traininglimited professional developmentAFrom this SWOT analysis, I found that I still I have some strength and chance and some failing. For my personal development I can analyze more which will assist me develop my bearer. I have another strength that is movable accomplishments which helps me to be a good squad member. My failing are deficiency of work experience and proficient cognition. My chance and menace, I can travel for farther instruction to construct up my calling and so I will acquire to be involve with more professional development and strong web.My Five Future Precedences:Higher Education: After finishing this class I will travel for farther instruction which will assist me develop my bearer. Travel: Beyond my higher instruction I will seek to go because it will assist me to contract with different civilization and different people which will assist me to my hereafter. Technical Knowledge: Exploitation of engineering is increasing twenty-four hours by twenty-four hours. So I will seek to affect my ego to maintain my ego up to day of the month with engineering. Involving with Multinational Company: will work for transnational company because this is a topographic point where I will acquire chance to develop my bearer. To make the end: After finishing my grade and making avobe work I want to make my finish and I want to open my new company and develop my ain organisation.3.1 Personal Development Plan:Developing a PDP My demands How can I run into those demands? My Future Aim What are the challenges in my occupation current that I need to run into? Improve Personal development Opportunity to work at direction Position A Work on personal development that will assist me to work at direction place Where do I desire to be in 2 old ages? To go resource research worker Awareness of resources available outside the squad. Extrovert, enthusiastic, communicative, explores chances, develops contacts. Where do I desire to be in 5 or 10 old ages? To go a maker A Shapes the manner the squad operates. Challenging, dynamic, thrives on force per unit area, has the thrust and bravery to get the better of obstructions How does that tantrum in with what the pattern wants? A To go a completer closer A Ensures the occupation is decently finished. Painstaking, painstaking, dying, searches out mistakes and skips, delivers on clip What adjustments will I need to do to accomplish what I want? Travel for farther higher instruction. Be more confident and positive What accommodations will other people need to do for me to accomplish what I want? A Provide me good preparation A After holding my preparation I want to work as resource research worker How can I get the better of my proficient obstruction? A Go for farther preparation It will assist me to be up make day of the month about my on the job topographic point. What helps me to be societal? Be more friendly and helpful It will assist me to be more acceptable in my professional life. What should I see to accomplish my end? To do a personal program and put a mark. Personal program will assist to accomplish my end ; Why I need a balance life? Practicing personal development and follow them decently It will assist me to success all the point of my professional life. Without a program it is non possible to make a finish. A is a way manner where it is written really clearly from where to get down and how to complete. To accomplish a coveted finish every organic structure must hold to hold a program. A individual without a program means a bird with out wings. Here I developed my program in table which screening, my needs 2nd 1 is how can I run into those demand and last 1 is my future aim. Here I tried to explicate my current demands which is most of import for me to accomplish my aims. Obstacles is everyplace. To accomplish my ends I would hold to confront some jobs. But in my development program I found some solutions how to over come it. The last 1 is my future aim. where I tried to happen out after my demands and how can I run into those demands what will be my accomplishment. Not it is more clear for me that what is my personal development program and how can I accomplish my finish.3.2 Obstacle to accomplishing aims:Aim Problem I can confront What are the challenges in my occupation current that I need to run into? Work Experience Communication accomplishment. Missing of Information and preparation. Less Job Opportunity Time direction. This universe is altering really foremost. Every twenty-four hours we are confronting new jobs and able to work out every bit good. New chance are lifting and new jobs come to look to accomplish them. Like that I have some obstructions of my bearer to accomplish the obstruction. First obstruction is my current occupation demand. I am working for a company as a trainer but I want me to see more higher place but I cant range at that place. I must hold to hold higher instruction, work experience, trained myself for suited place and better my communicating accomplishments. Question is that how to get the better of those obstructions? We know that there is job, there is a manner. So every job has its solution. First things is that I must hold to work hard and put a end to over come those obstruction. My first obstruction is missing of preparation. In every company where we want to turn up we need a preparation. I believe with a proper preparation I can get the better of my current occupation demands. To get the better of this job I can contract with my senior directors who can assist me to give right way. Work experience is my another obstruction, to over come this job I think I need to concentrate on clip direction. First I need to put my clip how to use it. It could be give some more clip for work topographic point through which I can acquire more experience. Communication accomplishments are became chief cardinal point for a professional. There is no other picks without holding a communicating accomplishment instruction. I think if I study communicating accomplishments and pattern it will be really helpful for my professional life.3.3 Brooding ReportI have covered a broad scope of subjects in Personal Development Skills. The purpose of this class is to cognize our accomplishments and failing and how to develop them and helps to take any challenges. This capable gives right way for life who wants to prosecute their ends and success. Personal development accomplishment helps me to understand my ain personality and ability to alter. It shows me where is my strengths and failing. For illustration I need to pay attending on organisation and clip direction. This topic helps me to put my nonsubjective and helped me to cognize how can I accomplish them. Now I know my chance and menace and where I have to pay more attending. For illustration – heightening my instruction which will assist me to be more confident. I have covered twosome of appraisal here such as Belbin squad function appraisal which helps me to cognize what types of worker I am. I found myself as a effectual squad participant. Which is my menace but still I need to better to take challenge in critical state of affairs, communicative and originative. Memletic appraisal helps me to cognize what sort of personality I have. Which is rather interesting and informational to cognize yourself. It is really utile tools to better personality. And another one is skill audit tools. Using this tools now I able to cognize where I can work efficaciously and what accomplishments still do I need to go successful in professional life. I conducted personal grind analysis. It really of import to cognize the personal strength, failing, menaces and chance. This analysis helps to place obstruction of bearer and demo how to over come it. Personal development accomplishments helps to measure our accomplishments. This topic helps to put up my ends and shows the way which is full of chance. After analyzing this topic it is clear to me that which is my strength, weaknesses where I have chance. To go a successful professional in future I know at which point have to work more. This is a topic which breaks the obstructions and open the new doors for future. At the terminal I would wish to state that analyzing of personal development accomplishment takes charge of future.

Nixon Above the Law for the Watergate Scandal - Plumber ...

President Richard Nixon is most commonly known for his involvement with the Watergate Scandal. President Nixon is a very competitive politition who has been finding who his enemys are and what their weak spots are through all of his career. His purpose for doing this is that he wants to win the election so much and he feels that â€Å"the only way he can [win] is if he knows something about his opponent that can give himself some secret weapon† (Sussman 201). President Nixon got himself into many problems during his Presidency and used groups such as â€Å"The Plumbers† and the Committee to Re-Elect the President, more commonly known as CREEP. While President Nixon was in office, he seemed to feel that he was â€Å"above the law† and that he could†¦show more content†¦This was thought to be just a typical burglary but detectives found phone numbers in they’re books and day planners that lead back to the White House. But Nixon’s press s ecretary, Ron Ziegler, dismissed the affair as a third-rate burglary. Though the burglary occurred at a sensitive time, very close to re-election, most Americans believed that â€Å"no President with such an advantage in the polls would be so foolhardy to risk association with such an affair† (Myerson 46). This was just the beginning of Nixon using his power to get around the law. From fear that what was going on would be released out to the public, Nixon created a group called the Plumbers. Their job was to not let any information â€Å"leak† out to the public. The Plumbers were to blackmail, threaten or even kill anyone who leaked information and Nixon knew all about this. He created this group knowing this would have to happen. Nixon’s main mistake in this whole mess started with his â€Å"coverup groups†. â€Å"The most famous of their [The Plummers] activities was the break-in at the office of the psychiatrist of Daniel Ellsberg. Ellsberg, a former employee of The Pentagon and State Department, had leaked the Pentagon Papers to the New York Times and, as a result, was prosecuted for espionage, theft, and conspiracy† (Olson 93). This was all the work of the Plumbers. The Plumbers also divided into another group called the Committee to Re-elect the President, orShow MoreRelatedWatergate Scandal : The Downfall Of Richard Nixon920 Words   |  4 PagesThe Watergate Scandal was the downfall of Richard Nixon. It made Americans put less trust in the government and built trust in the media. It all takes place at the Watergate Hotel. He led an extremely corrupt administration to get him re elected. He also was the first President to resign. The unethical organization that was formed was called the CRP (later creep). They helped Nixon get re elected in 1972. They used illegal tactics to get him re elected. They paid lawyers for the burglars whoRead MoreThe Watergate Scandal Essay example1189 Words   |  5 Pages amp;#65279;Watergate, the popular name for the political scandal and constitutional crisis which broke out in 1972 during the presidential reign of Richard Nixon, remains a mysterious happening even today. Some details, people, events, degrees of involvement, and reasons are still unresolved. But what began as a third-rate burglary on June 17, 1972 escalated into a full- blown scandal that had a resounding effect on how many Americans viewed the government of their country. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;RichardRead MoreEssay on The Glory and The Dream9497 Words   |  38 Pageswere unsupportive of him continuing as president. 6. What were the results of the election of 1948? a. Truman won the election with a large lead in the Electoral College. Chapter 16 1. What was the Fair Deal? a. The Fair Deal was a series of laws proposed by Truman in his state of the union address to help working people and the elderly. This deal included health care and improved the welfare of people. 2. What impact did the Kinsey have on society? Why? a. Kinsey impacted society through

Play Station And Video Games - 1710 Words

Executive Summary Play Station and video games are technologies used for entertainment across all age groups all around the world. The young children aged from 5 to 10 years old occupy the largest percentage of users. Today there is wide variety of games attributed to the advancement in technology. The report is a detailed documentation of the impact of gaming on children with references to recent scholarly articles. It also touches on other involved parties in the management of the media entertainment. Introduction The platform of electronic gaming dates back to 1971 that was in the form of arcade video games (Wolf, 2012). In the 1980s, video arcades and console games were integrations in the learning process (Wolf, 2012). The target audience of the learning games was children aged between 5 and 10 years. The Learning Company is a pioneer in the history of games and learning with family-oriented software games emerging in the 1990s (Wolf, 2012). A recent development in digital learning focuses on providing children with tools for repairing, constructing and authoring contrary to the traditional games. SimCity is an example of the rear mentioned game. A large population of parents deal with video games in a manner one would deal with low nutritious foods, believing that exposing their children to the games in decreased periods is acceptable. An opposition to the school of thought is Andy Baio who has let his son Eliot play through a history of video games in a chronologicalShow MoreRelatedVideo Gameplay Of Video Games1617 Words   |  7 Pages Video Gaming has played a major factor for video gamers worldwide, this brings the expertise of video game developers to develop the next generation of video games. Video gamers(?) in Japan and the United States share the enjoyment in playing video games. What is the history behind video games? What are the prices of video games in Japanese? 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People bought the Xbox because at its release it was the only consoleRead MoreMassive Breach At Sony Play Station945 Words   |  4 Pages Title: Massive Breach at Sony Play Station By Durga Sravani Nandyala Northeastern University, College of Professional Studies Submitted to: Prof. Jason Black Abstract An analysis on the massive data breach on Sony play Station. This document has been presented as an academic exercise. This document would include the causes of the incident, Sony communication to the breach with customers, customer impact on Sony and finally steps taken by Sony in their recovery from the breachRead MoreThe Battle Of The Gaming Industry1372 Words   |  6 Pagesheadshot 50 appears just below him. Video games have always been a source of entertainment and an escape from reality. However, most do not know a lot about the history of the gaming industry. It is a long history full of ones rising to power and falling, betrayal, and exploring a whole new world that could only be reached in dreams. Ironically, the best way to describe gaming history is to say it was not a game. In 1972 Pong, one of the first successful video game, was released (â€Å"A Brief† para. 4)Read MoreViolence in Video Games770 Words   |  3 PagesIn the article from Thom Gillespie states that Grand Theft Auto (GTA) is the latest video game to be known of demeaning our society’s youth in the U.S. He states though however, video games such as GTA are â€Å"art† and deserve protection. Moreover, those games just mirror humanitys violent instincts; they do not provoke violence, Gillespie argues. These games also offer chances for debates about ethical issues and the costs of actions. It is known from his writings that Thom Gillespie is a professor

Kantian Ethical Analysis - 1614 Words

b) - Kantian Ethical Analysis: 1 - Introduction and brief explanation of Kantian ethics: German philosopher Kant was first to introduce the Kantian ethics; hence, the named after him. According to Professor Elizabeth Anscombe, Immanuel Kant was Unitarianism’s rival; he believed actions that are taboo should be completely prohibited at all times. For instance, murder should be prohibited. Even though nowadays a person cannot be punished if death is involved as a self defense, from Kant’s perspective this is still prohibited, although sometimes these actions bring more happiness to the big majority of people than sorrow. Kant stated that before acting, one should ask his/her self: am I acting rationally and in a way that everyone will act as I purpose to act? Is my action going to respect the moral law or just my own purpose? If the answer to those questions is a no, the action must be abandoned. Kant’s theory is an example of the deontological theory that was developed in the age of enlightenment. According to Elizabeth, these theories say that  "the rightness or wrongness of actions does not depend on their consequences but on whether they fulfill our duty.†( Anscombe, 2001) Kant said that morality is built based on what he called â€Å"Hypothetical Imperatives†, but rather principles called â€Å"Categorical Imperatives† he referred to it as the supreme principle of morality. (Texas AM University, n.d.) Cavico and Mujtaba reported on their book that Kant stated that moralityShow MoreRelatedEssay about Kantian vs Utilitarian Ethical Parameters990 Words   |  4 Pagestask that stands before me in this paper is to address two situations and determine the ethical parameters in which a person should act. The two philosophical approaches that I will examine the situations with the Kantian and Utilitarian point of view. 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Wireless Networking Communication Management-Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Wireless Networking Communication Management? Answer: Introducation IT is commonly known as Yagi Antenna and it is an antenna of directional type. Yagi antenna has multiple parallel elements in a particular line (Yin et al., 2013). It has mainly three part, a reflector element, some directors. The reflector element has a longer size than the driven dipole and the directors have a smaller size. For this kind of design it has higher gain and better directivity. Strengths It has a higher directivity. It has lower power consumption. It has a low maintenance cost. This type of antenna has a larger frequency range. It can achieve very high magnitude of gain. Weakness It has a limited bandwidth and frequency level. Noise and environmental changes can affect the Yagi antenna. Applications The Yagi antenna is mainly used to achieve high value of gain and directivity. It is used in case of frequency modulation for narrow band region. Horn Antennas Horn antennas are also well known as the microwave antennas (Yang Marzetta, 2013). It has given this type of name as it is consisted of a flaring metal waveguide that has a shape like horn. It functions over a frequency range of 300 MHz. The main advantage of the Applications It is used mainly in case of speed enforcement cameras and also it is used in small distance radars (Yin et al., 2013). Cellular antenna Cellular antennas are those which are mainly used in the mobile phones and the cell phones (Inui et al., 2015). Cellular antennas are useful in case of long distance communication. Strengths The cellular antennas are used for the communication along very long distances and it is approximately 45 miles. The capacity of data transfer is very high. It can achieve the connection among any places among the globe. Weakness The main issue regarding the cellular antenna is the connection problem. The size of this type antenna is very big. The number of antennas in every base station has increased value. Applications Cellular antennas are used in mobile phones. It is also used for long distance communication. These antennas are used in the cellular base stations. Selection of antenna type for medium and long distance In case of long distance communication cellular antennas are used in a wide range. In case of global communication this type of antennas are used (Sarkar, Srivastava Saurav, 2014). This type of antenna has a very suitable value of bandwidth and gain. Comparison and contrast of FDMA and CDMA CDMA refers to code division multiple accesses and it is a method that has the access of different channels and it is a blend of several radio communications (Lo Lee, 2013). It is created by spreading the codes using orthogonal codes. It is a suitable example of multiple accesses. FDMA refers to Frequency Division Multiple Access and it is a method that utilises the channel for accessing and it also acts as a channelization protocol (Yang Marzetta, 2013). It provides the users several bands of frequency and is mainly used in satellite communication. CDMA FDMA It has no absolute limit of channel capacity. Cell capacity is limited. It distributes orthogonal codes in the main channel. In case of FDMA the frequency band is consisted of several disjoint sub bands. All terminals can act simultaneously. Individual frequency level is present in every terminal of FDMA. It is flexible and needs less frequency planning and soft handover. It is simple, established and robust. The transmission is simultaneous in nature and each user uses different band of frequencies. When the channel is inactive, it is also inactive. Most recent advanced wireless technologies RFID or Radio Frequency Identification detector is used to keep track of several objects (Han et al., 2015). The RFID acts on the principle of radio frequency which has a range of 134 KHz and for high frequency RFID systems; the value is almost 13.56 MHz Strength RFID is very useful in case of using in inventory management system. RFID is very helpful in case of tracking vehicles. RFID is used in automated tracking system and more advantageous in case of logistical tracking. Weakness The range of RFID is limited and it is not more than 100m. As RFID is a very new technology, people should be aware about it and should have proper knowledge about RFID. Best type of Antenna for future applications Antennas take an important role in wireless communication. Antennas are of different kinds and different types which are already discussed above (Ding et al., 2015). According to the types of antennas the applications are also different in nature. In future the main field of communication will be based on long distances and faster response (Aouani et al., 2014). In that case the cellular antennas will be most effective in terms of gain, bandwidth and directivity. References Aouani, H., Rahmani, M., Navarro-Ca, M., Maier, S. A. (2014). Third-harmonic-upconversion enhancement from a single semiconductor nanoparticle coupled to a plasmonic antenna. Nature nanotechnology, 9(4), 290-294. Ding, Z., Zhong, C., Ng, D. W. K., Peng, M., Suraweera, H. A., Schober, R., Poor, H. V. (2015). Application of smart antenna technologies in simultaneous wireless information and power transfer. IEEE Communications Magazine, 53(4), 86-93. Han, S., Chih-Lin, I., Xu, Z., Rowell, C. (2015). Large-scale antenna systems with hybrid analog and digital beamforming for millimeter wave 5G. IEEE Communications Magazine, 53(1), 186-194. Inui, T., Koga, H., Nogi, M., Komoda, N., Suganuma, K. (2015). A miniaturized flexible antenna printed on a high dielectric constant nanopaper composite. Advanced Materials, 27(6), 1112-1116. Lo, Y. T., Lee, S. W. (2013). Antenna Handbook: theory, applications, and design. Springer Science Business Media. Sarkar, D., Srivastava, K. V., Saurav, K. (2014). A compact microstrip-fed triple band-notched UWB monopole antenna. IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters, 13, 396-399. Yang, H., Marzetta, T. L. (2013). Performance of conjugate and zero-forcing beamforming in large-scale antenna systems. IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications, 31(2), 172-179. Yin, H., Gesbert, D., Filippou, M., Liu, Y. (2013). A coordinated approach to channel estimation in large-scale multiple-antenna systems. IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications, 31(2), 264-273.

The Potential Causes of the Financial Crises in South East Asia

The collapse of the financial systems of Thailand, Philippines, Indonesia, and Malaysia has its roots in the fundamental and structural foundation of the international capitalist system which unavoidably will contribute to its crushing, under its own weight (Rahman, 1997).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Potential Causes of the Financial Crises in South East Asia specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More â€Å"The financial crisis was transformed into a full-blown recession or depression, with forecasts of GNP growth and unemployment becoming more gloomy for affected countries† (Khor, n.d.). â€Å"The threat of depreciation spread from a few countries to many in the region, and also to other areas such as Russia, South Africa, and possibly Eastern Europe and South America† (Khor, n.d.). The Potential Causes of the Financial Crises As far as the causes of the financial crises in these countries concerned there is no single opinion. They vary from economy to economy. The Asian Tiger economies were growing and were open to foreign investments, goods and services, capital flows and relying heavily on dollar markets (Nanto, 1998). â€Å"There has been a great debate over the causes of this depreciation as weather the domestic policies and practices or the inherent and unstable nature of the global financial system were responsible for it† (Garay, 2003). In the first phase of the crisis , the international establishment (represented by the IMF) and the G7 countries placed the blame directly on domestic ills in the East Asian countries as it spread from Thailand to Malaysia, Indonesia, the Philippines, then to South Korea (Garay, 2003). Source: Garay, 2003. The Asian Financial Crisis of 1997-1998 and the Behavior of Asian Stock Markets Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More But s oon another view emerged which put the blame on the developments of the global financial system: the combination of financial deregulation and liberalization across the world; the increasing interconnection of markets and speed of transactions through computer technology and the development of large institutional financial players† (Garay, 2003). â€Å"A developing country opens itself to the possibility of tremendous shocks and instability associated with inflows and outflows of funds when it carries out financial liberalization before its institutions or knowledge base is prepared to deal with the consequences† (Garay, 2003). â€Å"A total of US$184 billion entered developing Asian countries as net private capital flows in 1994-96, according to the Bank of International Settlements† (Garay, 2003). â€Å"In 1996, US$94 billion entered and in the first half of 1997 $70 billion poured in† (Garay, 2003). â€Å"With the beginning of the crisis, $102 billion went out in the second half of 1997† (Garay, 2003). â€Å"From the above mentioned figure it is evident that the flows (in and out) can be so huge; the shifts can be so unpredictable and sudden when inflow turns to outflow and the huge capital flows can be subjected to the tremendous effect of â€Å"herd instinct,† in which a market opinion or operational leader starts to pull out, and followed by a panic withdrawal by large institutional investors and players† (Garay, 2003). Source: Garay, 2003. The Asian Financial Crisis of 1997-1998 and the Behavior of Asian Stock Market To maintain foreign investors’ confidence transparency on the business and government level is highly required. In the absence of transparency on such key economic variables as foreign reserves and policy directions, herd instinct prevails, which can make the situation uncontrollable (Kihwan, 2006).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Potential Causes of the Fina ncial Crises in South East Asia specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More â€Å"In the case of East Asia, although some of the currencies were over-valued, there was an over- reaction of the market, and consequently an ‘over-shooting’ downwards of these currencies† (Garay, 2003). â€Å"It was a case of self-fulfilling prophecy. The financial speculators, led by some hedge funds, were also responsible for the original ‘trigger action’ in Thailand. The Thai government used up over US$20 billion of foreign reserves to fight off speculative attacks† (Garay, 2003). â€Å"Speculators borrowed and sold Thai baht, receiving US dollars in exchange† (Garay, 2003). â€Å"With the falling of the baht, much less dollars were needed to repay the baht loans which made large profits for them† (Garay, 2003). â€Å"According to a report in Business Week in August 1997, speculative attacks on Southeast Asian currencies in July 1997 contributed to big profits for the hedge funds. According to Business Week, in July (the month when the Thai baht went into crisis and when other currencies began to come under attack) As a whole, the hedge funds made only 10.3 percent net profits (after fees) on average for the period January to June 1997whereas their average profit rate jumped to 19.1 percent for January-July 1997. Therefore, the addition of a single month (July) made the profit rate so far this year to almost double† (Khor, n.d.). â€Å"In some countries, the depreciation in the currencies was due to the outflow of capital by foreigners as well as local people who feared further depreciation, who were concerned about the safety of financial institutions† (Khor, n.d.). The East Asian financial crises are considered to be the result of over-investment on the part of the bankers and businessmen within the region as well as by the international bankers and businessmen. The market participants argue that â€Å"there was too much money chasing too small an investment outlet† (Rude, 1998). Surplus money was flowing into Korea and Southeast Asia to be profitably placed. The potential causes of the Southeast Asian financial crises can be distinguished between long-term secular developments, the medium-term economic conjuncture, and any immediate (efficient) cause (Rude, 1998).Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The market participants advocate that a decline in the profitability and a rise in the riskiness of the underlying investment projects, a deterioration of local balance sheets, and a rise in the magnitude of the foreign exposures were the relevant long-term developments and that these trends created a financial structure that made a financial crisis in East Asia both possible and unavoidable. Changes in the economic conjuncture in 1996 and early 1997 pushed what was both possible and inevitable toward becoming a reality. The exchange rate attacks that began mid-1997 were the immediate trigger. From this perspective, deterioration of the underlying economic fundamentals and financial panic caused the crisis (Rude, 1998). The low-wage, export-oriented, foreign-financed growth strategy that the countries in Southeast Asia and the Republic of Korea were following ahead of the crisis became the victim of its own success. The underlying investment projects that both local and foreign capi tal were financing in the region were profitable and productive at one time. But because of the additional productive capacity created in one country after another in the same or similar industries, problems like rise in wages, decline in profit margins in the export industries, and the flow of funds toward the non-traded goods sector and into more speculative activities in the local real estate and equity markets were mushrooming (Rude, 1998). On the other hand, the relevant cash flows were becoming increasingly problematic, leading to a gradual deterioration in the balance sheets of local financial and non-financial institutions: increase in the liabilities to foreign and local creditors, decrease in the asset quality, rise in the leverage ratios. The gap- and duration-related interest rate exposures were escalating due to an increase in the maturity mismatch of assets and liabilities. Meanwhile, foreign capital continued to flow into South East Asia and the Republic of Korea from Europe, the United States, and Japan. An accommodating monetary stance and low inflation, contributed to low interest rates in the major industrial countries. The rise in the equity prices in the United States and Europe appealed investors to find sizeable exposures in highly valued, if not over-valued, securities in companies in the industrialized nations whose earnings potential may have fallen below those available in the Pacific Basin emerging markets. Compelled by a competitive search for higher yields to take on the Republic of Korea’s and Southeast Asia’s greater credit and country risks, international creditors increased their exposures to local banks and corporations, both directly through loans and indirectly through local and international bond markets. Japanese lenders were particularly eager to extend credits to the region, due to the poor investment prospects at home, especially to the foreign branches and subsidiaries of Japanese corporations. Equity in vestors in the United States and Europe were also driven to increase their exposure to the region’s greater market risks, both for diversification purposes and to search for even higher capital gains (Rude, 1998). Once profitable and productive these foreign investments, like the domestic ones, took on an increasingly speculative tone, their asset quality declined, the associated leverage ratios and interest rate risks increased, and the maturities were shortened. The aggregate market exposures became increasingly complex and obscure as well (Rude, 1998). It can be illustrated evidently by the two notorious off-balance sheet/derivative strategies used in East Asia. Special purpose vehicles (SPV) were set up to direct fund into the region and particularly into the Republic of Korea by the U.S. banks. In these arrangements, some of the stock was transferred by the banks to the SPVs which in turn issued short-term paper in the international markets using that stock as security a nd used it to make investments that were considered advisable by the banks. In reality, the banks had assumed a foreign exposure, but it never showed up on their balance sheets (Rude, 1998). â€Å"Total Return Swap† (or TRS) was another strategy in the same direction. These were a series of triangular transactions between international investment banks, Korean banks, and Indonesian companies. Double swaps were set up between the Indonesian companies and the investment banks, on the one hand, and between these banks and the Korean banks, on the other. Under these arrangements, the Indonesians, who did not have the Korean’s high credit ratings, were able to borrow, and the Korean and investment bankers made a high rate of return. The setback was that the Korean banks had to compensate the investment banks for any losses if the Indonesian companies went bankrupt, which ultimately happened (Rude, 1998). Three major changes in the economic conjuncture took place in 1996 and early 1997. First, due to developments in the general international economic environment and other factors, export growth rates, and hence, domestic growth rates in the region began to slip. Second, Official interest rate increases in the United States (March, 1997) and Germany (October, 1997) proposed that lending in the less risky Western industrial countries would become more profitable. Third, the economic and financial situation in Japan worsened. Japanese bankers and institutional investors began to consolidate their exposures not only at home, but in the Republic of Korea and Southeast Asia as well as Japan’s banking problems began to intensify (Rude, 1998). Local and foreign investors in the East Asian emerging markets were now reluctant to extend further credits and other moneys and soon began searching for ways to actually lessen their exposures (Rude, 1998). So, the extent and depth of the crisis should not be attributed to deterioration in fundamentals, but rathe r to panic on the part of domestic and international investors (Zhuang Dowling, 2002). In doing so, local and foreign market participants found that they now had a foreign exchange exposure that had in fact not existed before. Now, suddenly that the outlook had changed and a rush for the exit had ensued, the pressure on the local currencies was only downward. While it is simplistic to say that the fixed exchange rate regimes were to blame for the crisis, investors’ foreign exchange exposures had become the weakest link in the entire investment chain, and successive runs on the local currencies would be the mechanisms that would finally bring the whole, already precarious, financial structure down ((Rude, 1998).) The financial crisis in East Asia is a historic event. It has shocked the world economy profoundly. The crisis may have brought the process of globalization and internationalization to an end, which has been the characteristic of international economic developments s ince the early 1980s. It is necessary to limit the shriveling effects of the crises immediately. Then there is an urgent need to tackle the question of globalization and liberalization: if there is a need for a new architecture for the world economy, and if so, what shape it should take (Rude, 1998). â€Å"The crisis brought about macro-level effects, counting sharp reductions in values of currencies, stock markets, and other asset prices of several Asian countries† (Hwang, 2009). â€Å"Many businesses collapsed, and as a consequence, millions of people fell below the poverty line in 1997-1998.The most affected countries by the crisis were Indonesia, South Korea and Thailand† (Hwang, 2009). Argentina Crisis The Argentina crisis of 2001-2002 is the example of the social, economic and political turmoil. During the time of 1990’s Argentina had a very successful economy due to lower inflation rates, Argentina became the favorite point for international financial len ding that was strictly following the IMF regulations (Argentina Economic Crisis of 2001, n.d.). The export of beef and grain made Argentina’s economy very stronger (Tonelson, 2002). But, suddenly, in 2001 the Argentine economy suffered a terrible loss. The government was not in a position to pay foreign debts and a bid amount of dollars in government spending were cut short (Argentina Economic Crisis of 2001, n.d.). A news published in BBC says, â€Å"Many in Argentina blame the IMF for their country’s economic collapse in 2001 and 2002† (Argentine Financial Crisis, n.d.). The Argentina Crisis was Currency and Bank crisis. It was also due to wrong response to globalization (Ferrer, 2001). Feldstein (2002), â€Å"for example, argues that the crisis was due to exchange rate overvaluation that could not be easily corrected and to an excessive amount of foreign debt† (Torre et al, 2002, p.1). Source: Blejer, M I, Director, Centre for Central Banking Studies, Bank of England, Seminar on Crisis Prevention in Emerging Markets Singapore, July 11, 2006 Source: Blejer, M I, Director, Centre for Central Banking Studies, Bank of England, Seminar on Crisis Prevention in Emerging Markets Singapore, July 11, 2006 Source: Blejer, M I, Director, Centre for Central Banking Studies, Bank of England, Seminar on Crisis Prevention in Emerging Markets Singapore, July 11, 2006 Source: Blejer, M I, Director, Centre for Central Banking Studies, Bank of England, Seminar on Crisis Prevention in Emerging Markets Singapore, July 11, 2006 Source: Blejer, M I, Director, Centre for Central Banking Studies, Bank of England, Seminar on Crisis Prevention in Emerging Markets Singapore, July 11, 2006 Source: Blejer, M I, Director, Centre for Central Banking Studies, Bank of England, Seminar on Crisis Prevention in Emerging Markets Singapore, July 11, 2006 Actually, if we review the history of Argentina economy, we will find that in 1913 the actual GDP per person i n Argentina was almost 72 percent which was same as the US had and it was higher than the countries like Germany, France and Sweden. In 1950 though GDP became 52 percent but it maintained the same level same like US and higher than Germany but a drastic slack came in 1990s when its GDP came down by 28 percent and Argentina became far behind other Western European countries. It did not happen that Argentina became a poor country but its economy’s growth stopped for a while and gave unsatisfactory results (Saxton, 2003). Then the efforts came from the President Memen and he tried to adopt a free market approach. It helped in lessening the burden of the government by doing privatization, cutting tax rates and doing some reformations in the state. President Memen took quick actions to imply the reformations despite of much opposition. He did not adopt any slower or normal process for passing laws through Argentina Congress (Saxton, 2003). Now the actual crisis in Argentinaâ€℠¢s economy started during the period of recession and when Fernando De la Rua became the president in 1999. At the time of his presidency he committed to finish the recession and to remove corruption (Saxton, 2003). President De la Rua got the approval of increasing three higher taxes which had to be effective from April, 2000 to August 2001. â€Å"The increases came on top of already high tax rates. The highest rate of personal income tax, 35 percent, was near the level of the United States, but the combined rate of federal payroll tax paid by employer and employee was 32.9 percent, versus 15.3 percent in the United States; the standard rate of value-added tax was 21 percent, versus state sales taxes of 0 to 11 percent in the United States; and Argentina imposed taxes on exports and (from April 2001) on financial transactions, taxes that do not exist the United States. Argentina’s high tax rates encourage tax evasion: an estimated 23 percent of the economy is underground an d 30 to 50 percent of all transactions evade taxes† (Saxton, 2003, p.10). The economy started falling down in 2000 and it became slower than 1999. Richard Lopez Murphy, the new Minister of economy at that time promised to fortify the economy of Argentina by reducing spending of about 4.5 billion pesos with-in two years that was actually 1 percent of GDP per year that aroused the anger of public as these cuts were profounder than any other Argentinian government and this caused Lopez’s resignation with-in two weeks from his post joining (Saxton, 2003). Turmoil occurred in December 2001 when bank deposits were freeze due to a large number of withdrawals on November 30th. The people became depressed as they were not able to make payments. Credit got disappeared so people started showing their anger by doing demonstration in streets. In December, the IMF declared that it would not any loans to Argentina as the country was not the state of following loan agreements. Because of this Argentina was not able to get any loan from any foreign source. Again there were lots of protests in the country which forced De la Rua to resign from his post (Saxton, 2003). President Duhalde took the place of De la Rua as a president and he tried to adopt new economic policies. He tried to reserve the policy like convertibility system. This convertibility system was criticized for many years. â€Å"The dominant view among economic observers inside and outside Argentina was that the peso’s one-to-one exchange rate with the dollar had made the peso overvalued, making Argentine exports uncompetitive and preventing an export-led economic recovery† (Saxton, 2003, p.13). The government took some actions after following the regulations of Law of Public Emergency and Reform of the Exchange Rate Regime (January 6, 2002). The measures taken by the government are as follow (Saxton, 2003): It ended the convertibility system It devalued the peso from the rate 1 per doll ar to 1.40 per dollar It converted dollar bank deposits and loans into pesos It seized the dollar reserves of banks It imposed exchange controls It made penalty double for the employers who made employees without a job It introduced lots of new taxes and focused on frequently revising them The new policy resulted in some loss like Argentina’s economy became less from 5.5 percent to 10.9 percent in between 2001-2002.the number of bankruptcies became larger. Duhadle’s economic policies created big losses for the foreign banks and utility companies (Saxton, 2003). Some economic recovery was observed in the period of August 2002. Though it initially was not that strong as it should have been but later it caught strength. The exchange rate became less up to 4 pesos per dollar during 2002 and later in 2003 it became less than that by making it 2.90 pesos (Saxton, 2003). So Argentina’s crisis was not the failure of free markets rather it was the crisis came from the m istakes of the federal government in implying their economic policies. â€Å"Long-term growth will require reversing the policy direction of the last several years and allowing greater economic freedom, anchored in respect for property rights† (Saxton, 2003,p.49) Reference List â€Å"Argentina Economic Crisis of 2001.† n.d. UC Atlas of Global Inequality. [Online] Available from: http://ucatlas.ucsc.edu/sap/Argentina_crisis.php . â€Å"Argentine Financial Crisis.† n.d [Online] Available from: http://www.providence.edu/polisci/students/economic_crisis/arg_fin_crisis_ft.htm#financial_crisis . Blejer, M. I. 2006. â€Å"Some Lessons From the Recent Financial Crisis in Argentina (2001/2).† Seminar on Crisis Prevention in Emerging Markets Singapore. [Online] Available from: http://www.imf.org/external/np/seminars/eng/2006/cpem/pdf/blejer.pdf Ferrer, A. 2001. â€Å"The Argentine Financial Crisis. World Press Review Online.† [Online] Available from: http:/ /www.worldpress.org/americas/1218argentina.htm Garay,U. 2003. â€Å"The Asian Financial Crisis of 1997 – 1998 and the Behavior of Asian Stock Markets† [Online] Available from: http://www.westga.edu/~bquest/2003/asian.htm Hwang, J. 2009. â€Å"Background: 1997 East Asian Financial Crisis. Life.† [Online] Available from: http://special.lifeofguangzhou.com/2007/node_657/node_661/2007/04/10/117619129417702.shtml Kihwan, K. 2006. â€Å"The 1997-98 Korean Financial Crisis: Causes, Policy Response and Lessons.† The High Level Seminar on Crisis Prevention in Emerging Markets. Organised by The International Monetary Fund and The Government of Singapore [Online] Available from: http://www.imf.org/external/np/seminars/eng/2006/cpem/pdf/kihwan.pdf Khor, M. n.d. â€Å"The Economic Crisis in East Asia: Causes, Effects, Lessons.† [Online] Available from: http://www.ifg.org/khor.html Nanto,D.K. 1998. The 1997-98 Asian Financial Crisis. CRS Report. [Online] Av ailable from: http://www.fas.org/man/crs/crs-asia2.htm Rahman, A. 1997. â€Å"The Southeast Asian Financial Crisis and Distributive Justice in the Global System: Dare we cteate a new frame of mind?† Southeast Asian Financial Crisis of 1997: Retrospective essay. Columbia University, New York, December 1997. [Online] Available from: http://azlyrahman-illuminations.blogspot.com/2008/06/southeast-asian-financial-crisis-of.html Rude, C. 1998. â€Å"The 1997-98 East Asian Financial Crisis: A New York Market- Informed View.† Department of Economic and Social Affairs. in conjunction with the Regional Commission of the United Nations. [Online] Available from: http://www.un.org/esa/policy/pastmeetings/rude.pdf Saxton, J. 2003. â€Å"Argentina’s Economic Crisis: Causes and Cures.† Joint Economic  Committee United States Congress. [Online] Available from: http://www.hacer.org/pdf/Schuler.pdf Tonelson, A. 2002. â€Å"The Real Roots of the Argentine Financial Cr isis. American Economic Alert.† [Online] Available from: http://www.americaneconomicalert.org/view_art.asp?Prod_ID=47 Torre, A. et al. 2002. â€Å"Argentina’s Financial Crisis: Floating Money, Sinking Banking† [Online] Available from: http://www.econ.umn.edu/~tkehoe/classes/Schmukler.pdf Zhuang, J. Dowling, J.M. 2002. â€Å"Causes of the 1997 Asian Financial Crisis: What Can An Early Warning System Model Tell Us?† ERD Working Paper No. 26. Economic Research Department. [Online] Available from: http://www.adb.org/Documents/ERD/Working_Papers/wp026.pdf This essay on The Potential Causes of the Financial Crises in South East Asia was written and submitted by user Allen Barron to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.