Free Essays on Paul’s Views On The Proper Relationship Of Judaism To Christianity

Paul’s views on the proper relationship of Judaism to Christianity The spread of Christianity to the Non-Jews or Gentile world could not have been possible without the works of one man, Paul of Tarsus. Paul the so call â€Å"apostle to the Gentiles† (Romans 15:16) and the â€Å"minister of Christ Jesus to the Gentiles† (Romans 15:16) was one of the most important figures that â€Å"supplied the rational† (Hinson, 48) to incorporate the Gentiles into the church and to preach the gospel to them. He showed interest in defining the proper relationship of Judaism to Christianity. What is the relationship of Christians to traditional Jews laws? The relationship between these two started with a lot of conflicts and controversies. Gentiles were being converted and demanded that they follow the Jewish Laws (Moses Laws). One of the Jewish laws that was debated was about circumcision. The claim was that Gentile believers should be circumcised, and then, as part of the covenant people of God, obey the laws of the covenant. You would think that Paul someone who grew up in good Jewish family, would agree with this notion but he clearly disagree with this. This is shown when he says â€Å"If you through a Jew, live like a Gentile and not like a Jew, how can you compel the Gentiles to live like Jews?† (Galatians 2:14). This verse shows that Paul agrees with Peter when Peter said "Now then, why do you try to test God by putting on the necks of the disciples a yoke that neither we nor our fathers have been able to bear? No! We believe it is through the grace of ou r Lord Jesus that we are saved, just as they are† (Acts 15:10-11). The point is that the Law of Moses were a burden that the Jewish people were not able to keep successfully. Those rituals showed that, no matter how hard people worked, they could never be perfect. They showed, for anyone who ever wondered, that works can never lead to salvation. On the view on what leads to salvation Pau... Free Essays on Paul’s Views On The Proper Relationship Of Judaism To Christianity Free Essays on Paul’s Views On The Proper Relationship Of Judaism To Christianity Paul’s views on the proper relationship of Judaism to Christianity The spread of Christianity to the Non-Jews or Gentile world could not have been possible without the works of one man, Paul of Tarsus. Paul the so call â€Å"apostle to the Gentiles† (Romans 15:16) and the â€Å"minister of Christ Jesus to the Gentiles† (Romans 15:16) was one of the most important figures that â€Å"supplied the rational† (Hinson, 48) to incorporate the Gentiles into the church and to preach the gospel to them. He showed interest in defining the proper relationship of Judaism to Christianity. What is the relationship of Christians to traditional Jews laws? The relationship between these two started with a lot of conflicts and controversies. Gentiles were being converted and demanded that they follow the Jewish Laws (Moses Laws). One of the Jewish laws that was debated was about circumcision. The claim was that Gentile believers should be circumcised, and then, as part of the covenant people of God, obey the laws of the covenant. You would think that Paul someone who grew up in good Jewish family, would agree with this notion but he clearly disagree with this. This is shown when he says â€Å"If you through a Jew, live like a Gentile and not like a Jew, how can you compel the Gentiles to live like Jews?† (Galatians 2:14). This verse shows that Paul agrees with Peter when Peter said "Now then, why do you try to test God by putting on the necks of the disciples a yoke that neither we nor our fathers have been able to bear? No! We believe it is through the grace of ou r Lord Jesus that we are saved, just as they are† (Acts 15:10-11). The point is that the Law of Moses were a burden that the Jewish people were not able to keep successfully. Those rituals showed that, no matter how hard people worked, they could never be perfect. They showed, for anyone who ever wondered, that works can never lead to salvation. On the view on what leads to salvation Pau...

Somatic Cells vs. Gametes

Somatic Cells vs. Gametes Multicellular eukaryotic organisms have many different types of cells that perform different functions as they combine to form tissues. However, there are two main types of cells within the multicellular organism: somatic cells and gametes, or sex cells. Somatic cells make up the majority of the bodys cells and account for any regular type of cell in the body that does not perform a function in the sexual reproductive cycle. In humans, these somatic cells contain two full sets of chromosomes (making them diploid cells). Gametes, on the other hand, are involved directly in the reproductive cycle and are most often haploid cells, meaning they only have one set of chromosomes. This allows each contributing cell to pass on half of the needed complete set of chromosomes for reproduction. Somatic Cells Somatic cells are a regular type of body cell that is not involved in any way in sexual reproduction. In humans, such cells are diploid and reproduce using the process of mitosis to create identical diploid copies of themselves when they split. Other types of species may have haploid somatic cells, and in these individuals, all of the body cells have only one set of chromosomes. This can be found in any sort of species that have haplontic life cycles or follow the alternation of generations life cycles. Humans begin as a single cell when the sperm and the egg fuse during fertilization to form a zygote. From there, the zygote will undergo mitosis to create more identical cells, and eventually, these stem cells will undergo differentiation to create different types of somatic cells. Depending on the time of differentiation and the cells exposure to different environments as they develop, the cells will begin down different life paths to create all of the functioning cells of the human body. Humans have more than three trillion cells as an adult, with somatic cells making up the bulk of that number. The somatic cells that have differentiated can become adult neurons in the nervous system, blood cells in the cardiovascular system, liver cells in the digestive system, or any of the many other types of cells found throughout the body. Gametes Almost all multicellular eukaryotic organisms that undergo sexual reproduction use gametes, or sex cells, to create offspring. Since two parents are necessary to create individuals for the next generation of the species, gametes are typically haploid cells. That way, each parent can contribute half of the total DNA to the offspring. When two haploid gametes fuse during fertilization, they each contribute one set of chromosomes to make a single diploid zygote. In humans, the gametes are called the sperm (in the male) and the egg (in the female). These are formed by the process of meiosis, which can turn a diploid cell into four haploid gametes. While a human male can continue to make new gametes throughout his life starting at puberty, the human female has a limited number of gametes she can make within a relatively short amount of time. Mutations and Evolution Sometimes, during replication, mistakes are made, and these  mutations  can change the DNA in the cells of the body. However, if there is a mutation in a somatic cell, it most likely will not contribute to the evolution of the species. Since somatic cells are in no way involved in the process of sexual reproduction, any changes in the DNA of somatic cells will not get passed down to the offspring of the mutated parent. Since the offspring will not receive the changed DNA and any new traits the parent may have will not be passed down, mutations in the DNA of somatic cells will not affect evolution. If there happens to be a mutation in a gamete, though, that can drive evolution. Mistakes can happen during meiosis that can either change the DNA in the haploid cells or create a chromosome mutation which can add or delete portions of DNA on various chromosomes. If one of the offspring is created from a gamete that has a mutation in it, then that offspring will have different traits that may or may not be favorable for the environment.

HEALTH LAW AND ETHICS Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 4

HEALTH LAW AND ETHICS - Essay Example If the employees understand the importance of being in the workplace, they will be inspired to continue offering their services. Furthermore, the mission statement provides a certain focus that emphasizes on the employees’ purpose and how they can visualize their contribution to the company. This motivates them to make their work a clear selling point for the institution’s policies. Meeting the goals of any company requires that all the staff members work in harmony. The globalization aspect has brought about diversity, and this requires careful handling. However, as management, meeting the needs of each individual may be quite challenging given the cultural and social aspects that characterize each interaction. Instituting a harmonious work space becomes difficult especially owing to the cultural differences that need to be streamlined to fit into the organizational culture that defines the code of ethics in the workplace. However, this challenge can be met by having a clear mission statement and an organizational culture that incorporates all the workers to avoid undue

Competition Commission Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Competition Commission - Essay Example This protects the economy and consumers from unnecessary or unreasonable exploitation. The CC serves as a competition regulator under the BIS i.e. Business innovation and skills department. History and development The Competition Commission was created through the influence of the Competition Act 1998. Most of the powers of CC were governed by the Enterprise Act 2002. The CC replaced MMC (monopolies and mergers commission) in 1999. The powers and influence of the competition commission were enhanced. The commission was given the independence to make decisions and recommendations to the government after investigations. The commission makes enquiries and recommends the appropriate remedies arising from competition on the market. The Competition Commission is a public body. The commissions have been charged with a responsibility to ensure that major industries are regulated and a healthy competitive and fair relationship exists between companies, economy and consumers. The enquiry must be referred to the Competition Commission by other selected authorities. This ensures that the Competition Commission deals with merited cases.... The government aims at launching a more efficient body i.e. CMA (competition market authority) by the year 2014. This development shields the consumers from unhealthy business practices like monopolises that exploit consumers. Mission and aims Mission: working to create a better future every day. This includes developing new ways of conducting business leading to increases revenues while reducing environmental impact. Aims: Working with integrity Creating a positive impact in the society Doubling the size of the company while creating a better future Management structure and leadership Communication has a two-tire hierarchical management structure. The commission has a chief executive who works with a seven directors. The commission has strong legal advisors and enquiry teams to ensure all the stakeholders has direct access to the referral authorities when in needed of redress. The leadership has professional skills in corporate management and economic analysis (Bercusson & Estlund 2 008). The commission has set out a management structure capable of fostering faster decision making. The leadership and management structure is flexible in its response to external stimulus and stakeholder concerns. The structure makes it easier to relay advisory or arbitration information. Leadership team is empowered by the legislature to make strategic decisions based on the information from the market. Commission management must facilitate inclusive decision making and encourage teamwork (Leisering 2011). The information technology department must have the capacity to install platforms that enable the CEO to link with other directors within the commission. The management structure and leadership of

Theories of Human Nature Essay Example for Free

Theories of Human Nature Essay In this paper I will contrast the five theories of human nature, and explain why I believe one to be more superior to the other four. To begin, the five theories of human nature are, rationality, divinity, man-machine, existentialism, and cultural. The first of the five theories is rationality, and simply states that one uses knowledge with the process of thought to draw a conclusion. If a dog’s bowl full of food in the morning, but later in the afternoon it has become empty. One could rationally draw the conclusion that the dog could have eaten all the food out of the bowl. The second is the theory of the five is divinity, and states that humans have all the qualities that the god of the Hebrews has. This would mean that all humans are immortal and infinite. Also this means that humans would be all loving, all knowing, and perfect. Man-machine is the third, and states that everything works like a system much like a robot. This means that one is the way he or she is because he was set up that way. This means that the only reason one acts the way he or she does is because that is the way he or she is â€Å"wired†. The fourth, existentialism, which states that one, must find or create his or her existence outside uniformity. One must get away from all the vices, problems, and routines of life, and must find his or her purpose in life. Finally the fifth, which is the cultural theory of human nature, and it states that there is not only one to define human nature. But, rather a mixture of the first four is the correct answer to the theory of human nature. I believe rationality is superior, and the other four fall short, because reason was used to conjure all other theories. Let’s consider a divine human nature. If we all had a divine human nature we would have no need to debate this, because we would be all knowing, and would know what our nature is. Man-machine falls short simply because it states that there is no rationality; however, it was probably thought up by a man who was searching for a reason why people act the way they do. Next, existentialism, where one must get away from everything and find out for him or her self what his or her purpose is. I really don’t mean to make a joke but this seems like Amish rationality. Then we are left with the cultural theory of human nature. This one just seems like someone wanted to end an argument between the other four. Also it just creates a circle, and does not help us determine which theory of human nature is superior; however the final nail in the coffin is the fact that this theory is trying to find a reason why they saw more than one of these in theories in human nature. I believe that rationality and logic are gifts from God, and are given to us to let us know he exists, and to draw us closer to him. For example take painting, how does one know that the painting had a painter? Because, the painting exists you can see, touch, smell, and even taste it even though you can’t see the painter. Likewise one knows a building had builder because it exists. Also, so that we can know that we have sinned against God by breaking His law. One of the Ten Commandments states: â€Å"you shall not bear false witness† or lie. If one were to tell a lie he would be a liar not only in the sight of God but also by the standard of men, and the bible states in revelation twenty-one eight â€Å"†¦every liar will have his place in the lake of fire†. Because, it also states â€Å"the wages of sin is death†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Romans 6:23a), and this means that we have earned hell for what we have done. Now, rationally who wishes to spend eternity in a lake of fire? But, thankfully it didn’t stop there, because after we find out what we’ve earned we read about what we haven’t: â€Å"†¦but, the free gift of God is eternal life†¦Ã¢â‚¬ . This gift was given to us through the sacrifice of Jesus Christ on the cross for the payment of our sins, and all we must do is put our faith in him, and turn away from our sins in repentance. And, rationally who doesn’t want eternal life.

How Cahokia Was Mighty :: essays research papers

North of Mexico, the pre-Colombian settlement of Cahokia was the most influential and intricate Native American community in North America. A society of mound builders, which endured from about 9500 B.C. to 1400 A.D., they set up a massive trading center complete with their own types of governing bodies, architecture, religion, sophisticated farming, and local specialties. In one way or another, the Cahokian culture touched even the far reaches of the present day United States, â€Å" from the Gulf Coast to the Great Lakes, from the Atlantic coast to Oklahoma†, all from its central location in the Mississippi region. It is for these reasons that Cahokia was a superior power in the New World before the Europeans came, and even now, can be considered important and mighty.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The first factor that indicates the might of the Cahokian culture is the great structures of earth that they created for public buildings, residences of the nobility, religious purposes, and as burial ground. These mounds, 120 in number, were built on an area exceeding five square miles, and usually were between six and twelve feet in height. The largest mound however, named Monks mound for the colony of Trappist monks who later tried colonize atop the construction, covers today 14 acres at the base and rises 100 feet in height. What is even mightier about this mound, which happens to be the â€Å"largest pre-historic earthen structure in the New World†, is that it took over 19 million hours of labor to complete, and that it was done all by hand. The 22 million cubic feet of dirt it took to form the mound, was deposited in stages from about 900 to 1200 A.D.. The greatness that is Monks mound was probably used for governing, ceremonies, and for the Cahokian leaders’ living spaces and burial plots. Another remarkable mound in Cahokia, simply called Mound 72, was designed by the Cahokians so that one end of it faced the rising sun of the winter solstice, and the opposite end faced toward the setting sun of the summer solstice.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  An additional type of architecture in the Cahokia realm that fascinated the excavators who found it’s remnants, are â€Å"wood henges†. Labeled for a likeness to England’s Stone-henge, the wood henges are several circles with different diameters of hundreds of feet and are made up of posts at regular intervals. What is so amazing about them is that the number of posts in each circle are in multiples of 12 (24, 36, 48, 60, and 72). It is believed that the posts marked lunar

Mobile Shoppers

The entire digital marketing world is quickly converging on mobile as a favorite shopping partner. Thanks to the increasing purchases and usage of smartphones, approximately 50% of adults aged 18-64 in the U. S. are mobile shopping. With all of these technologically advanced phones in pockets and purses, the way people shop is changing. Mobile shopping is not one activity – Mobile-shopping behaviors include using one's phone to facilitate any part of the shopping experience — from comparing products, evaluating prices, and selecting where to buy, to sharing product photos, tweeting price details, and actually completing the transaction.The mobile shopping experience can also include activities post-purchase, such as returning or servicing a product. Arc Worldwide conducted a nationwide quantitative survey of 1,800 mobile-phone owners, followed by qualitative research using webcams, Flip video cameras, and shop-alongs as shoppers utilized their phones in the shopping exp erience. Two key findings cast a light on who is mobile shopping and how, and what it means for the future. Lights shall inherit the future -Mobile shoppers fall into two groups.Heavy mobile shoppers comprise about 20% of all mobile shoppers and drive 80% of the activity volume. Light mobile shoppers comprise the rest. Heavies love their phones, using them to share photos, download music, and check the news. They also love any form of shopping, whether it be at home, on a computer, or in the store. It's not surprising that they really enjoy the nexus — indexing 10 times higher than lights in mobile shopping. Heavy mobile shoppers know and use mobile as a specialized tool for shopping.Light mobile shoppers have a much narrower outlook toward mobile with regard to shopping. They see it primarily as an inferior portable computer, and therefore primarily use it in the car and on the go. Sixty-two percent of light mobile shoppers told us it was just easier to go online from a comp uter vs. shopping on their phone. While heavies have driven the growth of mobile shopping thus far, our research indicates that future growth will come from a small group of lights with the greatest potential to become heavies. We call them high potential mobile shoppers.They love their mobile phones and shopping in the way heavies do, but haven't yet converted their shopping activities onto their phones. Smartphone shopping apps are helping consumers buy more online, and they’re getting people better deals on the street. Two new data points from online auctioneer eBay and price comparison app Scanbuy help drive that home, and more importantly, suggest where things are ultimately headed: Deal-hungry users are increasingly going to put pressure on retailers, both online and offline, to change prices in real time to satisfy these more savvy buyers.Ex. EBay said Wednesday that global mobile sales brought in almost $2 billion in 2010, up from $600 million in 2009. In the U. S. , eBay mobile sales grew almost 175 percent, generating nearly $850 million in gross merchandise value in 2010. What this confirms is that consumers are wielding their smartphones as shopping tools, arming themselves with data that’s informing their choices. In some cases, it’s pushing people to buy online. In other cases, they’re searching for better deals nearby.But as users get more access to pricing data wherever they are at all times, it’s going to force retailers to have to react more in real time with their pricing. If users can see there are deals to be found elsewhere, retailers are going to have learn how to respond quickly with counter offers. This is good news for consumers, who can leverage this data more for in-store discounts and bargaining. Flash an online price of a product at a Best Buy employee, and see if the price can be matched or beaten. It’s going to put more pressure on retailers to monitor these pricing schemes and devise qu ick strategies.It’s not enough to just offer check-in coupons and offers; they’re going to have to be aware of the competing offers available to consumers as they hunt for bargains. 1. Extend online brand reputation to mobile with seller ratings – Having a great online reputation is essential to driving online conversions, per Google. With seller ratings on mobile, brands and retailers can extend their online reputation from desktop to mobile devices and leverage the power of the mobile platform to drive conversions on the Web. The seller ratings extension lets mobile searchers to see merchants who are highly recommended by other shoppers.By showcasing relevant and useful rating information for a business, the extension can help differentiate that brand from its competition and guide potential customers to purchase from its site. In recent studies, campaigns with mobile seller ratings saw a 7. 5 percent increase in click through rates when compared to campaigns without this extension. Seller ratings are aggregated from merchant review sites all around the Web and the extension will only show when a merchant’s online store has a rating of four or more stars and at least 30 reviews. . Take customers directly to the desired conversion path with mobile ad site links – Ad site links enable direct navigation to specific pages of a Web site. Since navigating on the mobile Web can still be difficult, site links for mobile can be especially useful in taking customers directly to the desired conversion path on a site, per Google. For example, with site links brands can quickly guide customers to the best selling products on their site or to an online store locator.Mobile users find this format particularly helpful and on average campaigns with mobile site links see a 30 percent increase in click through rates when compared to campaigns without site links. Right now a maximum of two site links can appear on mobile devices with ads displ aying two links across one line or stacked vertically on two lines. One-line site links can show with the click-to-call phone extension and will display one link to the Web site alongside the brand’s phone number. One-line site links can also show with the seller ratings extension and will display the company’s online store rating as well as two links to its Web site.The quality of a brand’s ad will determine which variation of mobile ad site links will show. Two-line site links typically show for higher quality ads. 3. Drive customers in-store with offer ads – Running an in-store promotion? Brands can get the word out and incentivize customers to visit their store by placing a coupon right into their AdWords ads. Mobile ads with offers enable advertisers to include special deals in their mobile search ads, allowing users to store coupons via email or SMS.Ads also display the brand’s phone number or business location on a Google Map for Mobile so t hat customers have everything they need to go to the store, redeem the offer and make a purchase. 4. Click-to-call ads for easier contact – Ensure that customers can easily connect with customer service by including a business phone number in mobile search ads. Since users who make a call are showing interest in a brand’s product or service, they are more likely to make a purchase. With a call costing the same as a click to an ad, this is a very cost-effective ad format for driving quality leads and conversions for a business.

Bias in Womens Sports Essay

The world of sports is strictly dominated by a male hegemonic structure, which is not exactly welcoming to the thought or idea of sharing this love of sports with the opposite sex. The term hegemony is defined as the dominance of one state or group of individuals over the others. Although women have shown a passionate interest for sports, their ability to join this culturally powerful organization as respected professionals has not been completely accomplished. They have been given opportunities to participate in athletic areas that are not the most culturally popular venues within American culture (i. e. golf, gymnastics, swimming, and tennis), but their inception and respected entrance into the American conglomerates of the sports world (i. e. basketball, baseball, and football) have been favorably denied. Men suffocating treasure their superior domination of this cultural superstructure and fear the idea of allowing the opposite sex entrance into their precious stratum. Men’s ultimate trepidation is sports not being only their secret possession. Women have passionately fought to prove themselves as strong enough, knowledgeable enough, and tough enough to survive in the historically constructed system men have carved out: the association of sports and the manner in which it operates. Although their desperate attempts have allowed them to chip through the first few layers of this concrete barrier in which they are faced with, their attempts to delve deeper to ultimately reach the core of its existence has been a disappointing failure. Despite the increase in female athletes participating in sports at a college and professional level, the use of female athletes as product endorsers has been limited. Some female readers like my wife has suggested that there may be an obvious media bias against female athletes and other problems related to how women’s lack of being feminine is portrayed to the public. I feel that women athletes don’t get enough recognition compared to male athletes in the media, and how they don’t appear as profitable product endorsers in magazines or commercials as men. Only five percent of media coverage is devoted to women’s sports (Adams ;amp; Tuggle, 2004). The time media spends to publish these articles of women athletes are significantly less; compared to their male athlete. Many companies choose not to endorse women athletes (Grau, Roselli, and Taylor, 2007). Men’s sports journalists tend to focus on coverage of team sports for men, while women’s sports coverage usually is focused on individual sports. In several articles, the media defends its biases claiming that it is what the public wants, and not all viewers are interested in women’s sports. I feel the number of women playing professional sports has drastically increased over the past decade, but the media’s news coverage of women’s sports has not increased with this movement of women in sports. On ESPN Live news radio, they have mentioned over the last ten years, there has been almost no change in the percentage of national airtime that was designated for women’s sports. Only about one in ten sports articles and TV sports stories include women while eighty-two percent of television sports stories cover men’s sports. Women make the cover of magazines or sports pages less than fifteen times a year (Huffman, Tuggle, ;amp; Rosengard, 2004). According to Adams and Tuggle (2004), in 1995, the length of men’s television sports stories were a little over a minute, where stories covering women’s sports were only about forty seconds. With two professional sports leagues, it was assumed that the coverage of women’s sports would increase, but this is not reality. The coverage of women’s sports on the television show, ESPN’s Sports Center, has actually decreased. In 1995, Sports Center aired about 730 stories on men and only about 30 on women. The ratio was 25:1. In 2002, 780 stories covered men’s sports. Only 16 stories were about women and the ratio was more than 48:1. ESPN did dedicate a weekend to women in sports. During this time, Sports Center only aired three stories that included a woman; the other 60 were about men. Kian, Vincent, and Mondello (2008), found that about seventy-five percent of the New York Times and USA Today’s articles covered men’s basketball. Less than one percent of the articles included both men and women, and twenty-four percent focused on just women’s basketball. Huffman, Tuggle, and Rosengard (2004) analyzed several universities’ coverage of women’s sports. Though forty-one percent of the college athletes are female, seventy-three percent of the sports newspaper articles focused on male college students. Eighty-two percent of television sports stories were dedicated to male athletes. In both newspaper articles and television stories, baseball was covered the most. Men’s basketball was twice as likely as women’s softball to be covered. Less time has been devoted to women’s sports coverage, and when it is, it is usually an individual sport compared to women’s team sports. This is a great example of The Elaboration Likelihood Model. It states that there are two routes through which persuasive messages are processed. My central route would be to provide and give examples of the statistical analysis increase in audiences viewing women’s sports, and it would be a good investment. In these modern times, women are more successful and looking for role models of strength and beauty, like a successful empowering female athlete. Celebrity women athletes can be positive catalysts in selling apparel and have great news worthiness. In my opinion, the media seems to favor women’s individual sports compared to women’s team sports. Out of 16 Sports Center stories that covered women’s sports, 12 were individual sports. Only two were about women’s basketball, though it was almost the end of the WNBA season (Adams ;amp; Tuggle, 2004). In the 1960’s, there were less articles on women’s Olympic sporting events compared to articles published in the 1990’s of the same genre. In 1996, 36 years later, NBC announced that woman’s team sports would be emerging. Even with this big announcement, NBC only aired a few minutes of a women’s soccer team winning the gold medal over China. They did not even have a reporter available at the women’s gold medal winning softball game. Over half of the women’s Olympics sports covered were individual sports. These sports included swimming, diving, and gymnastics. Serena Williams, a tennis player and Marian Jones, a track athlete, are the only females that have been on the cover of ESPN Magazine in the course of five years. Female athletes in individual sports are twice more likely to be in magazines than as those who play on team sports. In several related magazines like Sports Illustrated for Women, female’s models are dressed as athletes rather than real athletes and being pictured posing with props like soccer balls, to add more sex appeal to the magazine. Some journalists say this is because women’s individual sports are considered more feminine than the team sports like basketball and soccer where women look frazzled and sweaty (Grau, Roselli, and Taylor, 2007). Men’s sports are still the ones that bring in the big bucks for ticket sales and popularity. Seventy percent of the NCAA division athletic budget goes to men’s basketball and football. For every dollar that is spent on women’s sports, three dollars of the same budget is spent on men’s. For example, male coaches in almost every instance are paid more than female coaches (Huffman, Tuggle, and Rosengard, 2004). Women athletes are given much fewer multimillion dollar endorsement contracts than a male athlete. In 1998, 200 female athletes from many sports signed various endorsement contracts. The NFL alone had 250 players that signed deals with Nike. Over 400 male athletes from football, basketball, and soccer had endorsement contracts with Reebok that same year (Grau, Roselli, ;amp; Taylor, 2007). If the viewers wanted to see more of women’s sports, then the network would great fully air what the viewing audience would like to see. During an ESPN television show, Town Meeting, a female viewer in the audience asked the Senior Vice President and Manager of editing, why does ESPN not report more on women athlete’s and women’s sports? I can remember David Shaw turning to look at her directly in the face and saying â€Å"ESPN’s job is to report and cover the news and sports that our viewers are interested in†. He leaned forward and reiterated that their goal as a sports broadcast network was to get the highest rating possible, and they must air the sports news the public wants and will watch. Mr. Shaw also mentioned that the network cannot generate interest in women’s sports without solid data of interest, and if that is what they want to see they need to make this interest known. I feel some diehard male sports fans have a sense of Cognitive Dissonance theory. They think that it’s not cool to cheer for women’s sports, it’s not as exciting or fast paced as men’s sports. The theory of cognitive dissonance in social psychology proposes that people have a motivational drive to reduce dissonance by altering existing cognitions or adding new ones to create a consistent belief system. An example of this would be the conflict between wanting to watch women’s sports and knowing that media doesn’t have interest ; a person may try to change their feelings about the odds that they will actually suffer the consequences, or they might add the constant element that sticking to your guns is worth short term benefits. The network does air WNBA games on ESPN and ESPN2, but they seldom air highlights. Christina Brenamen, a commentator for ESPN, said that she feels the network doesn’t care and not to expect any changes anytime soon (Adams ;amp; Tuggle, 2004). Grau, Roselli, and Taylor (2007) found that many companies do not use female athletes as endorsers of their products, because they think that the average female consumer does not identify with female athlete, like males do with men athletes. Some of the companies assume that the average female consumer do not fallow women’s sports. They also suggest that some female athletes are too masculine and therefore do not have sex appeal. Angelini (2008) surveyed many individuals asking views about watching men’s sports vs. women’s sports. He wanted to uncover the stereotypes that individuals have on sports. Most of the participants believed that women’s sports were not as thrilling or exciting to watch as men’s sports. Those who participated in the study were asked to watch several sports clips while their heart rate was analyzed. After the clips were watched they were asked to answer recognition questions about what they had seen. Both male and females scored higher on the recognition questions after viewing female athletes. If the heart rate increased while the participant was watching the sport, it was determined that their arousal was high. If their heart rate was stable or deceased while watching the clip, it was determined that the participant was not aroused. Though most participants said that they were more aroused when watching the men’s sports, their heart rate actually determined that their arousal rate when watching women’s sports was the same as men’s at the beginning of the clip. Toward the end of the clips of men’s sports the arousal rate actually decreased. Angelini (2008) determined that because of the way the media depicts female athletes, the public thinks that men’s sports are going to be more exciting, through with extensive physiological research determined there are really no major differences. Since Universities viewed basketball as too masculine for women to play, and did not want to represent the women athletes of their school. The NCAA did not hold a women’s Division 1 tournament until 1982. In 2004, a women’s Division 1 championship game received the highest national television rating of any women’s or men’s basketball game that had ever been on a cable channel, up to that point. After analyzing two national newspapers and two sports web sites, during the 2006 NCAA and women’s sports tournaments, five main themes seemed to emerge from all of them. One, women’s basketball players were often compared to men. Two, men were never compared to women. Three, the female athletes were often said to be experienced players because most of them had grown up playing against boys. Four, the fathers of the athletes were interviewed more often than the mothers, because of their athletic ability. Finally, gender was mentioned as a main topic compared to the articles than men’s sports. In every article men’s basketball was reported before women’s. I would assume that there would be fewer gender biased remarks from the writers, but this was not the case. Even though writers have a little more time to evaluate on what is being written, unlike live television commentary, biases often still emerged (Kian, Vincent, ;amp; Mondello, 2008). Though the number of women playing sports has drastically increased, the media coverage has not kept up. The women’s sports covered typically are more feminine and individual like swimming, gymnastics, tennis and golf. Those sports activities are viewed as more masculine, like basketball, soccer, and softball, received significantly less media coverage. The media blames society and society blames the media for the differences in gender bias of sports (Grau, Roselli, ;amp; Taylor, 2007). It is unknown if television networks such as ESPN actually do research on what people would like to watch. They do not know that fifty percent of women say they watch television sports regularly and forty-six percent of men say that watch some women’s sports (Adams, ;amp; Tuggle, 2004). The 2004 NCAA Division 1 women’s basketball championships received the highest rating of all college basketball before then. One would think that after this evidence of interest, women’s basketball would receive greater attention. This is a great example of Evaluation Dimension in which our inner systems (beliefs, attitudes, values, etc. all support one another and when these are also supported by external evidence, and then we have a comfortable state of affairs. We also have a very strong need to believe we are being consistent with social norms. Like in the case of following other sports fans that are interested in women’s sports. When there is conflict between behaviors that are consistent with inner systems and behaviors that are consistent with social norms. A fitting Example would be the potential threat of social exclusion often sways us towards the latter, even though it may cause significant inner dissonance. Take for example, if I would approach my fantasy football team and said; â€Å"can we create a team in women’s sports†, that would really start some conflict within my group dynamic? I feel more research needs to be conducted to determine if it is really the public that is biased, or is the media just fallowing the same trend that they always have, and they just choose to report sports in the same standardized way. If we start to challenge the idea that masculinity defines sports at the cultural level. I believe that we will one day be able to develop an ideology that teaches and defends this innovative idea of gender quality throughout the educational process. The ultimate goal being that the foundation of sports promotes and abides by the system of gender equality at the professional level of women’s sports.

Media Vocabulary for English Learners

Media Vocabulary for English Learners Media plays an important role is everyone’s life. The vocabulary related to media is rich and extremely varied. Essentially, there are two main types of media-related vocabulary: vocabulary related to printed word and vocabulary related to the spoken word as used in broadcasts either on radio, TV or through the internet.   Study the vocabulary below and then take the gap fill quiz to check your understanding of some of the terms. Use these tips on learning vocabulary to help you remember the words on this list. You’ll find answers at the bottom of the article.   Types of Printed Media JournalMagazineNewspaperTabloid Types of News ArticleEditorialColumnReviewBreaking newsNews bulletin Newspaper / Magazine Sections InternationalPoliticsBusinessOpinionTechnologyScienceHealthSportsArtsStyleFoodTravel Types of Advertising CommercialNative AdvertisementAdSpotAdvertainmentBillboardSponsored   People in Print ColumnistCopy editorEditorJournalistEditorialistCopy-editorPaparazzi People on Television AnnouncerAnchor(person / man / woman)ReporterWeather(person / man / woman)Sports / Weather reporterAssignment reporter People Consuming Media ConsumersTarget audienceDemographic Media Type TVCablePublic TelevisionRadioOnlinePrint Other Related Words and Phrases Public service announcementPrime timeEmbeddedBy-lineScoop Media Quiz Use each word or phrase once to fill in the gaps. editorials, by-line, scoops, prime time, public service announcement, embedded reporters, paparazzi sponsors, copy editor, target audience, anchormen and anchorwomen, journals, tabloids, public TV, cable TV, billboard There’s no doubt that the media plays a huge role in everyone’s lives these days. From driving down the freeway and seeing a _____________ to looking at photos of celebrities taken by the _________ in the _________ at your local supermarket, everyone is someone’s ______________ for advertising. One way to avoid advertising is by watching ___________. However, there are also ____________ for these TV stations. If you watch ____________ during ____________, you’ll be bombarded with ads.Some media isn’t so bad. For example, you can subscribe to a quarterly academic ______________. The articles are reviewed by a _____________, so the writing is excellent. In newspapers, check the _____________ on articles, so you can follow the authors online. Another idea is to read _____________ to get important opinions on trending news. Some TV stations also have great news coverage, including _______________ that visit war zones to cover the news on the scene. You can get an overview of the day’s news by listening to the ___________ cover the stories of the day. Some TV channels get a ___________ if they’re the only on reporting on a story. Finally, you can also depend on TV stations to provide ___________________ in case of an emergency. Media Quiz Answers There’s no doubt that the media plays a huge role in everyone’s lives these days. From driving down the freeway and seeing a billboard to looking at photos of celebrities taken by the papparazzi in the tabloids at your local supermarket, everyone is someone’s target audience for advertising. One way to avoid advertising is by watching public TV. However, there are also sponsors for these TV stations. If you watch cable TV  during primetime, you’ll be bombarded with ads.Some media isn’t so bad. For example, you can subscribe to a quarterly academic journals. The articles are reviewed by a copy editor so the writing is excellent. In newspapers, check the by-line on articles, so you can follow the authors online. Another idea is to read editorials to get important opinions on trending news. Some TV stations also have great news coverage, including embedded reporters that visit war zones to cover the news on the scene. You can get an overview of the d ay’s news by listening to the anchormen and anchorwomen cover the stories of the day. Some TV channels get a scoop  if they’re the only on reporting on a story. Finally, you can also depend on TV stations to provide public service announcements in case of an emergency.

Origins of the ‘Lisp’ of Spain

Origins of the ‘Lisp’ of Spain If you study Spanish long enough, sooner or later youll hear a tale about Spanish King Ferdinand, who supposedly spoke with a lisp, causing Spaniards to imitate him in pronouncing the z and sometimes the c to be  pronounced with the th sound of thin. Oft-repeated Story Merely an Urban Legend In fact, some readers of this site have reported hearing the tale from their Spanish instructors. Its a great story, but its just that: a story. More precisely, its an urban legend, one of those stories that is repeated so often that people come to believe it. Like many other legends, it has enough truth- some Spaniards indeed do speak with something that the uninformed might call a lisp- to be believed, provided one doesnt examine the story too closely. In this case, looking at the story more closely would make one wonder why Spaniards dont also pronounce the letter s with a so-called lisp. Heres the Real Reason for the ‘Lisp’ One of the basic differences in pronunciation between most of Spain and most of Latin America is that the z is pronounced something like the English s in the West but like the unvoiced th of thin in Europe. The same is true of the c when it comes before an e or i. But the reason for difference has nothing to do with a long-ago king; the basic reason is the same as why U.S. residents pronounce many words differently than do their British counterparts. The fact is that all living languages evolve. And when one group of speakers is separated from another group, over time the two groups will part ways and develop their own peculiarities in pronunciation, grammar, and vocabulary. Just as English speakers talk differently in the U.S., Canada, Great Britain, Australia, and South Africa, among others, so do Spanish speakers vary among Spain and the Latin American countries. Even within one country, including Spain, youll hear regional variations in pronunciation. And thats all were talking about with the lisp. So what we have is not a lisp or an imitated lisp, just a difference in pronunciation. The pronunciation in Latin America is no more correct, nor less, than that in Spain. There isnt always a specific explanation of why language changes in the way it does. But there is a plausible explanation given for this change, according to a graduate student who wrote to this site after the publication of an earlier version of this article. Heres what he said: As a graduate student of the Spanish language and a Spaniard, being confronted with people who know the origin of the lisp found in most of Spain is one of my pet peeves. I have heard the lisping king story many times, even from cultured people who are native Spanish speakers, though you will not hear it come from a Spaniard. Firstly, the ceceo is not a lisp. A lisp is the mispronunciation of the sibilant s sound. In Castilian Spanish, the sibilant s sound exists and is represented by the letter s. The ceceo comes in to represent the sounds made by the letters z and c followed by i or e. In medieval Castilian there were two sounds that eventually evolved into the ceceo, the à § (the cedilla) as in plaà §a and the z as in dezir. The cedilla made a /ts/ sound and the z a /dz/ sound. This gives more insight into why those similar sounds may have evolved into the ceceo. Pronunciation Terminology In the above student comment, the term ceceo is used to refer to the pronunciation of the z (and of c before  e or i). To be precise, however, the term ceceo refers to how the s is pronounced, namely the same as the z of most of Spain- so that, for example, sinc would be pronounced like roughly think instead of like sink. In most regions, this pronunciation of the s is considered substandard. When used precisely, ceceo doesnt refer to the pronunciation of the z, ci or ce, although that error is often made. Other Regional Variations in Pronunciation Although differences in the pronunciation of the z (and sometimes c) are the most well-known of the geographical differences in Spanish pronunciation, they arent the only ones. Another well-known regional variation involves yeà ­smo, the tendency, common almost everywhere, for the ll and the y to share to share the same sound. Thus, in most areas, pollo (chicken) and poyo (a type of bench) are pronounced alike. But in parts of South America, the sound of the ll can be something like the s in measure, also called a zh sound. And sometimes the sound can be something like the j or sh of English. Other regional variations include the softening or disappearance of the s sound and a merging of the l and r sounds. The cause of all these variations is much as the same as for the regional variations in the z- isolation of some speakers can lead to diverging pronunciations. Key Takeaways Languages such as English and Spanish that cover wide geographical areas tend to develop regional differences in pronunciation.Such a natural change in regional pronunciation- and not a long-ago royal edict as is sometimes believed- is responsible for the z (and c before e or i) being pronounced differently in Latin America than in Spain.Those used to the Latin American pronunciation should not think of the pronunciation of Spain ans being inferior, or vice versa- differences exist, but neither type of Spanish is inherently better.

Bensha Swing Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Bensha Swing - Assignment Example According to Solis (185), a C major tonality is suggested by the chordal movement other than C Spanish Phrygian- it’s a relative minor f, harmonic or melodic, or its relative major, Aâ™ ­ major. Nonetheless, the song ends on a Dâ™ ­maj7(#11) instead of a C chord- a dislocation which is an attribute of Monk composition (Solis 186). This song was recorded first on the sessions for the album Thelonious Monk Trion by Monk in 1952. Later, it was recorded with Monk as a sideman on Miles Davis and the Modern Jazz Giants album of the Miles Davis. This song was revisited by Monk on his acclaimed 1957 LP Brilliant Corners. Solis (193) asserts that this song was also covered by Rock band, Red Hot Chilly Peppers in the course of their 1989-1990 Mother’s Milk tour renaming their version F.U. and added some lyrics. Sincen then, jazz music has been changing daily with new styles, lyrics and musical instruments being invented and